ADHD Linked to Reduced Life Expectancy Highlights Need for Better Diagnosis

Data based on recorded deaths raises concerns over the under-diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Men diagnosed with ADHD have an average life expectancy that is seven years shorter than those without the disorder, while for women, the gap is nearly nine years, according to the first study of its kind.

ADHD can lead to difficulties in concentration and issues with impulsiveness, although individuals with the condition may not experience both symptoms. Estimates indicate that approximately 3-4% of adults globally are affected by ADHD.

The research highlights a concerning trend: people diagnosed with ADHD are likely to have shorter lifespans. Prof Joshua Stott from University College London, a senior author of the research, remarked, "For this group of people, they have a reduction in life expectancy that is significant and disconcerting."

A previous study suggested lower life expectancy rates for individuals with ADHD, but it was not based on actual recorded deaths. In contrast, this new study utilised primary care data from over nine million adults across the UK between 2000 and 2019, examining the correlation between ADHD and life expectancy.

The researchers compared records of 30,039 adults diagnosed with ADHD to 300,390 individuals without the disorder, who were matched by age, sex, and primary care setting. Findings showed that men with ADHD had a life expectancy that was 6.8 years shorter than those without, while women with ADHD had a life expectancy 8.6 years shorter on average.

Prof Stott noted that while ADHD is unlikely to be a direct cause of reduced life expectancy, various factors might contribute to the findings, such as an increased likelihood of mental health issues and challenges in accessing necessary healthcare. Stott added, "We know that people with ADHD have higher suicide rates unfortunately," and mentioned that they are also more prone to risky behaviours, such as smoking, drinking, and possibly binge eating.

The study cautions that the life expectancy figures apply only if current situations for individuals with ADHD do not improve. Additionally, the researchers warned that their findings might overestimate the life-expectancy gap, as adults with ADHD may face other mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions, necessitating further research.

Published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, the study also raises concerns regarding the under-diagnosis of ADHD. The authors noted that only 0.32% of participants had a formal diagnosis, which they suggest is about one in nine of the likely true number based on population surveys.

Oliver Howes, a professor of molecular psychiatry at King's College London, not involved in the study, stated that these findings emphasise the significant impact of ADHD on lives and the low rate of diagnoses. He stressed the need for enhanced investment in mental health services to ensure individuals receive the necessary support.